Liu Hongxin: Thank you. The organizing committee gave us this opportunity today. My content may not be as broad as Mr. Yang. I will talk about the current situation at home and abroad and our company's product strategy for motor electronic control, and have some plans for the vehicle manufacturer. On the boot. Including four pieces of content: one is the domestic status quo, and the second is the development of MCU and motor electronic control. There are plans for next-generation products, and finally some discussions about new technologies.
This shows the world’s breakthrough sales of 15-20 million PRIUS. The 2035 plan takes this as the main force. The cost of batteries in new energy vehicles accounts for more than average, which hinders the promotion of electric vehicles. This transitional product is hybrid vehicles. As the main force, hybrid vehicles will replace fuel vehicles in 2035, with full replacement accounting for more than 50%, and electric vehicles accounting for more than 50%. Hybrid vehicles have recently become the strategic focus of every car company.
The prototype of the fifth generation of PRIUS, which was seen in the Japanese exhibition that year, was basically Japan as the representative, Toyota was the first and Honda was the second. This is a very good job. This is a photo of the hybrid controller in them. This is for Ford in the United States. It also avoids Toyota's patent. This controller was made by Toshiba in Japan in the early days, and now it has become Mitsubishi. The hybrid technology is basically in Japan, and the United States does not have it. of.
For this Toyota patent, many Chinese car companies have spent a lot of effort to avoid the Toyota patent, adding clutches, increasing costs, and decreasing reliability. This is a problem worth considering. Avoiding patents for patents is problematic in my opinion. Hybrid power is a transition in the long run. Hybrid power may not exist in 30 years, 100% electric vehicles or hydrogen fuel cells, but the process of 15 to 30 years is indispensable.
This is the U.S. 2025 plan. Just look at it briefly. I haven't seen the new one yet. What are the good things Americans have done? They have also planned the cost of electric motors and electronic control. Our China planning map is very rough and has no substantive content. I hope we can make this road map clearer and clearer.
This is the controller parameter that BMW introduced the year before. Let me focus on the situation of Inbel. Inbel was the first to do MCU. In the early days, Tesla was the earliest and most successful company to make electric vehicles. We, Inbel Made a copper rotor asynchronous motor, which is also the largest mass-produced in China so far, with nearly 200,000 units in mass production. On this basis, we have developed a permanent magnet 220 platform and a permanent magnet 180 platform. This is the current motor Case. It broke through from 10,000 revolutions to 16,000 revolutions. This is the advantages and disadvantages of permanent magnet and asynchronous motors. In recent years, more than 90% of them are permanent magnets. Asynchronous motors have become popular again in recent years. One is front and rear drives. The front drive uses permanent magnet synchronization and requires a clutch. Synchronous asynchronous motors do not. Field weakening is needed, so asynchronous motors have begun to sell well. China must use asynchronous motors to make high-end electric vehicles. I am talking about high-efficiency asynchronous motors, not aluminum rotors, but copper rotors.
The reluctance torque of the permanent magnet synchronous motor has been increased from 50% to 60%. Recently, our goal is 70%. The cost of the permanent magnet synchronous motor has dropped. Now export restrictions have been strengthened in exporting to the United States. However, the cost price is still It’s very expensive. By adding reluctance motors, LD-LQ, you can reduce the amount of permanent magnets and reduce costs. The profit of the car industry is very low, the cost is very low, and the quantity is large. The pursuit is cost, we need to The cost drops.
Japan, South Korea, and Germany are all studying reluctance permanent magnet synchronous motors. European and American countries lack them. They prefer to study synchronous motors that use less permanent magnet materials or do not use permanent magnets. This is the content of our national roadmap. Generally emphasize how many kilowatts per kilogram of power density, or how many kilowatts per liter of controller, we basically talk about peak power. The second one in the roadmap is about core parts. I don't agree with this point. The core parts are only stators and rotors, which are not scientific enough. The red on the right is the status quo of our current products, which is still relatively high.
This is the map of our current products, in the middle are platform products, OBC, DC-DC, PDU, motor controller, MCU, gearbox. We can form 4+2 and 3+3 modes, which is the current mainstream power integration mode. There is only one purpose, which is to increase density, lighten weight, reduce costs, easy to install and use, and system platformization. This is the purpose of our current product. But what are the disadvantages? Your structure and craftsmanship will be complicated, and the maintenance cost will also increase. If you change a charger, you need to replace the whole, and you need to replace a controller. The maintenance cost will be greatly increased. The most important thing is to improve the quality. If the quality is really done Below 100 PPM, the quality is still ok.
This is a three-in-one product. It is a three-in-one motor and electronic control. The structure is different. There are changes in fat and thin. This is a four-in-one.
At present, compared with domestic mainstream competitors, we focus on this line. The power density is currently 2.38kW/kg. We can achieve much higher than others. This is Tesla's 1.83, and ours is 2.38, which is more than 20% higher. , This is well-documented, and there are real objects. The same power ratio to weight and volume is possible. We can reduce weight by speeding up, but there are many problems brought about by speeding up, such as noise problems, reliability problems, and 300,000 kilometers in 8 years. The current The 600,000-kilometer rental vehicle has a warranty, and the high speed has brought many problems, including NVH problems.
The following is the current status of the motor controller we are talking about. These are the two modes in the industry at present, one is IGBT module and the other is single tube. Our products are single-tube IGBTs based on mainstream products. At present, we are cooperating with German Chaifu to build a commercial vehicle system. The power is relatively large. IGBT modules are used. It is not a question of who is good or bad. According to a certain level of our company, certain Technology is related to advantages and disadvantages. There is no right or wrong. At present, our power modules use Infineon from Germany and ON Semiconductor. Our domestic Star is also listed. Many companies have also launched corresponding IGBTs. At present, Our domestic products are still good, and the gap between them is smaller and smaller than that of foreign countries in terms of reliability. I hope that the car factory will support domestic brands, what do you mean? Because our customer is a car factory, and our upstream is a domestic factory. We do not give him a chance. They will never have a chance to grow. Therefore, the car factory should give us the opportunity to say that domestic production is not required. The car factory should not worship foreigners and hope to learn from South Korea and Japan. Why do Chinese cars have no technology? Chinese people don’t love Chinese cars. Geely is very good now. I want to go to Europe and the United States and take a look at Hyundai. Even Korean Kia has advertisements everywhere in the United States, and Chinese cars have no advertisements. The last time I went to Iran, the streets and alleys were all auspicious. I asked them and they said that auspiciousness is OK. There are many auspiciousness on the streets. I was surprised.
I hope that when Chinese cars go abroad in the future, this is Geely, this is BYD, not Toyota and Honda. I hope that we Chinese will have patriotic feelings. Our parts factory should also start. Just now, the chip manufacturer Jiang said, I can try domestic chips and semiconductors, I can do it, but my customers can choose it, but we do it with high cost performance. We only need to do it. It is enough to be on an equal footing with foreign competitors. Give him a chance, and he will definitely be able to grow up because we have this confidence.
In the domestic low-speed car market, we are absolutely No. 1 in China, and we account for 70-80% of the market share. The domestic MOSFETs used today are in short supply in China. Why? Reliability has been improved. I hope that everyone must have such feelings, and it will naturally get better in the future. If we don't use it, the quality of domestic semiconductors will not be able to improve, so as to completely replace imports.
This is our structure. The power density is getting higher and higher. The left side is 70KVA/liter, the right side is 100KVA/liter, and the back reaches 130KVA/liter, which exceeds the plan of the United States in 2025. The cost should be the lowest, the structure flexibility should be large, 10 manufacturers have 10 requirements, a standardized product cannot meet the requirements of 10 customers, and the power expandability needs to be strong. This requires the combination of your process, circuit design, and drive design.
This is how the products we make must solve dynamic current sharing. This is a problem of consistency. How to ensure reliability is a key issue. This is a foreign product, which is actually connected in parallel. The modules are connected in parallel. Parallel products exist at all times. Take a look at the next generation. The right is STPACK, which is based on Tesla. Give it to him. It was custom made. Later, the silicon carbide was not mass-produced. Everyone was cheated by Tesla. Tesla's current look is this. It uses IGBTs. Two years ago, the car was dissected and it was discovered that it was an IGBT. We asked them if they were carbonized. Silicon, they said there is absolutely no, we tested it as IGBT.
Double-sided heat dissipation is also something that we have studied more deeply. The sandwich in the upper left corner, no matter which factory pushes it, this solution has a big problem. If the semiconductor is clamped, our car now requires 10G vibration, mixed The power requirements are 40 Gs and 30 Gs. As soon as you squeeze these Gs, the components are damaged during the experiment, and the reliability is very poor. I do not agree with this scheme. This is the advantages and disadvantages of double-sided heat dissipation. Everything is double-sided. There are advantages and disadvantages. Especially with the current hybrid power, this problem is very prominent for many manufacturers in hybrid power this year and next, because the module does not meet the 10 G requirements, not to mention this, but also some examples.
In the future, we have three brands abroad. This is not safe enough. We develop two domestic brands. In this case, we will do some special packaging and do some special research on how to solve the thermal resistance. Reduce, including welding, improve its reliability, this is what we are doing now. You just said that you want to carry out structural innovation. At present, the only requirements with foreign countries are that domestic standards are generally relatively low. China must now raise the standards, not behind Europe and the United States. In terms of new energy vehicles, batteries are now leading the way. The control aspect is not inferior to foreign countries, and the power source aspect is far ahead in China.
This time the epidemic in the United States is very serious. The United States has ventilators. The ventilators need power supplies. He can't make the power supply himself. All the power supplies for the ventilators are bought in China. The US semiconductors are very powerful, but the US manufacturing design is very weak, and its scientific research The ability is not so fast. The Chinese make a product a week. The hard work of the Chinese is the top, and the application technology of the Chinese is the world's leading. I hope that the national standard can keep up and lead the world, so that foreigners can follow the Chinese. This is the most uncomfortable place at present. China always adopts national standards and does not have its own innovation. If networked and intelligent cannot lead the world, China will fail completely. Fuel vehicles have failed, so does new energy vehicles still have to Failed? Private enterprises can't manage them, and large state-owned enterprises must be shocked. I think this is the case.
What is the purpose of silicon carbide? There is one. This has an advantage. After the withstand voltage is increased, the loss ratio will decrease, which will greatly help the high voltage and high efficiency. There is no doubt that the electric field and thermal conductivity will increase. , It is of great help to miniaturization design. The previous page is the literature, the literature given by American Corey (voice), the efficiency of the whole vehicle has been improved by 3-8 points. This is my previous literature, but I have not seen the reality. Until we make something of our own, this is the actual curve of making silicon carbide by myself. What the Japanese said is correct. This efficiency curve is accurate. It can increase by at least one point, and increase by 10 points at most, and the average efficiency will increase. 3%. The continuous power can be increased by 15%. We use a 650 volt tube to achieve 500 volts.
These are my several curves, each of which has 10 curves. The energy saving efficiency is still considerable. Now we are pushing this on our buses. If the bus does this plan, because the bus has 300 degrees-500 degrees electricity It saves 10 to 20 kilowatt-hours of electricity. I take back the SIC cost at this cost. Long-term operation has high energy-saving efficiency. Therefore, it can be industrialized on the bus, and there is still a disconnection in the passenger car, because it is too expensive. At present, it is about 5 times of IGBT. It is currently optimistic that it will take another three years. The domestic silicon carbide chip was released in Jiangsu just two days ago, and the current cost level can be reached in about three years. This is our optimistic estimate. This is a gearbox. At present, we have 16000RPM. There are very few manufacturers in China that can make 16000rpm gearboxes. In this case, our company does not do the new gearbox technology. We have to study the gearbox and how to solve the problem. At the time of transmission, our car is gearless. How to solve the gearless transmission problem? The wheel motor is developing at a high speed. It is not known how the wheel hub motor will be done in the future. The dual motor electronic differential system must be built to solve the safety problem. The issue of sex is a major issue.
There is also energy storage. At present, we mainly use lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate has BYD technology, and Zhuhai Long lithium titanate batteries. No matter what kind of lithium batteries, the principle power density is different, and the reliability and life are different. There are also supercapacitors. For hybrid power, I have always advocated using supercapacitors. Although supercapacitors are larger, their lifespan is still easy to achieve 15 years. Energy storage technology should also be developed. The other is to innovate the cooperation model with parts factories and automakers. Europe is doing very well. Mercedes-Benz and BMW do not do everything. They have been cooperating with Bosch and Siemens. Chinese car factories recruit a lot of doctors, including motors, electronic control, and batteries. They recruit huge R&D teams, but they can’t do it themselves. Or if it is not done well, the investment is very large. I don’t know what the purpose is. I think it’s okay for a car manufacturer to understand the core components, but don’t do everything. The cost of the company is high, and the profit of the car is not high, which has a great impact on the company’s efficiency. Large, professional people do professional things, and everyone does what they should do. This industry chain is safe and reliable. This is healthy development. I think the parts factories and the vehicle factories must integrate very well, otherwise If you don't trust each other, that thing is meaningless.
The reliability of the product is relatively poor in China. Compared with European and American products, an EMC has poor anti-interference and great internal interference. Sensors and radars, our ultrasonic sensors, cameras, and all smart devices are interfered. No, I think this one is a big problem, and we need to strengthen this one in the future. Functional safety. Few mentions were made this time. Functional safety is also the biggest defect between Chinese cars and foreign cars. Whether the Chinese can do it reliably or not, I think it is a question of whether you do it or not. We in China must catch up. Above, this involves software issues and hardware architecture issues. One car model is 10 million, and one car is built with 10,000 units. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a domestic independent programming platform. If all vehicles in China use AUTOSAR, China will be controlled by foreign countries. No, I don’t believe that the core technology that President Xi said is in his own hands, it’s impossible. Every factory must use AUTOSAR programming, so this is a big problem. Everyone has to think about it, because it is the key for you to make a car well, and how to make the car well up to the functional safety standard is just not what you have to do. , Don’t specify software, domestic software won’t work? I think it is ok. It is enough to achieve certification. Of course, this is some data, not to mention.
Some details, energy-saving control, rotor temperature control and detection, take home this function is very important, now there are two motors, in one motor system damage
